Asthma

Asthma is a chronic condition involving the respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict, become inflamed, and are lined with excessive amounts of mucus, often in response to one or more triggers.[1] These episodes may be triggered by such things as exposure to an environmental stimulant such as an allergen, environmental tobacco smoke, cold or warm air, perfume, pet dander, moist air, exercise or exertion, or emotional stress. In children, the most common triggers are viral illnesses such as those that cause the common cold.[2] This airway narrowing causes symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The airway constriction responds to bronchodilators. Between episodes, most patients feel well but can have mild symptoms and they may remain short of breath after exercise for longer periods of time than the unaffected individual. The symptoms of asthma, which can range from mild to life threatening, can usually be controlled with a combination of drugs and environmental changes.
Public attention in the developed world has recently focused on asthma because of its rapidly increasing prevalence, affecting up to one in four urban children.[3]
Contents[hide]
1 Signs and symptoms
2 Cause
2.1 Environmental
2.2 Genetic
2.3 Gene-environment Interactions
3 Pathophysiology
3.1 Bronchoconstriction
3.2 Bronchial inflammation
3.3 Stimuli
3.4 Pathogenesis
3.5 Asthma and sleep apnea
3.6 Asthma and gastro-esophageal reflux disease
4 Diagnosis
4.1 Differential diagnosis
5 Prevention
5.1 Trigger avoidance
5.2 Air Filters
6 Treatment
6.1 Medical
6.2 Pharmaceutical
6.3 Long-acting β2-agonists
6.4 Emergency
6.5 Non-medical treatments
6.6 Treatment controversies
7 Prognosis
8 Epidemiology
8.1 Population disparities
8.2 Socioeconomic factors
8.3 Asthma and athletics
9 History
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
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Ratan Naval Tata

Ratan Naval Tata (born December 28, 1937, in Mumbai) is the present Chairman of the Tata Group, India's largest conglomerate founded by Jamsedji Tata and consolidated and expanded by later generations of his family.

Contents[hide]

1 Biography

2 Timeline

3 Awards and Recognition

4 External links

5 References
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Kiran Mazumdar Shaw

Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (b. 23 March 1953 in Bangalore) is an Indian entrepreneur. She is the Chairman & Managing Director of Biocon Ltd. In 2004, she became India’s richest woman.

Contents[hide]

1 Early life

2 In Biocon

3 Personal life

4 Recognition

5 Contemporary Controversies

6 References

7 External links

8 Footnotes

Breast cancer - what,preventation,treatment, etc..

Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast in women and men.[1] Worldwide, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer (10.4% of all cancer incidence, both sexes counted)[2] and the fifth most common cause of cancer death.[3] In 2005, breast cancer caused 502,000 deaths worldwide (7% of cancer deaths; almost 1% of all deaths).[3]

Because the breast is composed of identical tissues in males and females, breast cancer also occurs in males.[4][5] Incidences of breast cancer in men are approximately 100 times less common than in women, but men with breast cancer are considered to have the same statistical survival rates as women.[6]

Contents[hide]

1 Classification

1.1 Pathologic types

2 Signs and symptoms

3 Epidemiology and etiology

4 Prevention

4.1 Phytoestrogens and soy

4.2 Folic acid (folate)

4.3 Avoiding exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

4.4 Oophorectomy and mastectomy

4.5 Medications

4.5.1 Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

5 Screening

6 Diagnosis

7 Staging

7.1 Hormone receptors

7.2 HER2

8 Treatment

9 Prognosis

9.1 Psychological aspects of diagnosis and treatment

9.2 Racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment

10 Metastasis

11 History

12 Cultural references

13 Gallery

14 See also

15 References

16 External links